Introduction of Two New Preventable Risk Factors for Dementia

A recent study published in The Lancet medical journal indicates that treating vision impairment and lowering LDL cholesterol can help reduce the risk of dementia. This study, conducted by 27 researchers from The Lancet Commission on Dementia, identified two new risk factors. Data analysis shows that about 7% of dementia cases may be linked to high LDL cholesterol in middle age, while 2% are associated with untreated vision impairment in older age. These findings highlight the importance of cardiovascular and vision health in preventing dementia. LDL cholesterol, or low-density lipoproteins commonly referred to as 'bad cholesterol,' is present in the bloodstream and all body cells, and excessive amounts can lead to dangerous issues including coronary artery disease. In 2020, the same commission identified 12 modifiable risk factors for reducing dementia risk, which included physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, air pollution, head injury, social isolation, low education, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, depression, and hearing loss. These factors were linked to 40% of dementia cases. Adding the two new factors could prevent or delay up to 45% of dementia cases. Dementia is a chronic and sometimes acute disorder of neurodegenerative processes that worsens over time, often accompanied by personality changes, disorientation, and memory impairment. The most common type is age-related dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Dementia is the seventh leading cause of death and one of the major causes of disability and dependence among the elderly worldwide. Dr. David Eagleman, a neuroscientist at Stanford University, emphasizes that 'dementia is not just a result of aging; it is a complex interplay of genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Our brains are affected by everything we do, from diet to social interactions.' High LDL cholesterol can lead to the accumulation of fat deposits in the brain's blood vessels, causing blockages, reduced blood flow, and damage to brain cells, thereby increasing the risk of dementia. Untreated vision impairment can also lead to decreased mental stimulation and social interactions. Dr. Joel Salinas, an assistant professor of neurology at New York University, states, 'It's like a muscle weakening from lack of use. Reduced mental and social activities can lead to a decline in brain function.' The research also recommends consulting a physician if concerned about high cholesterol or vision problems. Through a proper diet, regular physical activity, and medication if necessary, blood cholesterol levels can be managed. Additionally, appropriate glasses, surgery, and other treatments can address vision impairment, helping maintain daily activities, especially in older age. Researchers estimate that the number of people with dementia worldwide will rise from 57 million in 2019 to 153 million by 2050.