Observation of the Farthest Galaxy at a Distance of 13.4 Billion Light-Years

The Hubble Space Telescope has successfully observed a galaxy that is 13.4 billion light-years away from Earth. Each light-year is equivalent to 9.28 trillion kilometers. According to NASA's official website, this galaxy, named GN-z11, is the farthest known cosmic mass to date. Previously, the galaxy EGSY8p7 held the record at a distance of 13.2 billion light-years from Earth. In this context, the Daily Telegraph reports that scientists say the light from this galaxy was emitted only 400 million years after the Big Bang. This discovery was made using a new technique with an error margin of less than 5 million light-years. Scientists have managed to capture a photo of this galaxy, which is unclear and has vague colors. The solar system is about 25 times larger than GN-z11, but its star formation rate is 20 times greater than that of the Milky Way. The report adds, 'We are getting closer and closer to the time we think the first stars formed. In fact, there is not much time difference between the age of this galaxy and the Big Bang.' NASA's website quotes Garrett Illingworth, a researcher at the University of Santa Cruz, California, saying, 'If we go back to the time of the formation of this galaxy, we see young, very bright stars with blue colors, and around us are very chaotic and intertwined objects that are the galaxies in formation.' He states that it is astonishing that such a massive galaxy formed only 200 to 300 million years after the first stars were formed. Astronomers calculate the distance of an object from Earth by measuring how much its light shifts from blue to red, a concept known as 'redshift.' In this new galaxy, the shift is calculated to be 11.1, while in the galaxy EGSY8p7, which formed 580 million years after the Big Bang, the shift was calculated to be 8.68. Astronomers have long been striving to reach a shift number of 9, which corresponds to 550 million years after the Big Bang. According to Fox News, Pascal Oush, the head of this research team, says this new discovery has completely astonished them, and the technique used in this measurement is becoming standardized. He adds that we see galaxy GN-z11 when the universe was only three percent of its current age. Another astronomer named Dimitar Sasselov has described this discovery as interesting and exciting, stating that seeing and understanding the first galaxies and first stars is an essential part of our origin story.