Research Report; Stroke Incidence in Iran Compared to Global Statistics

Stroke is the leading cause of disability worldwide and the second leading cause of death globally, but this condition claims more victims in Iran than the global average. A report by Radio Farda's data analysis group indicates that the incidence of stroke in Iran is approximately one and a half times the global average, meaning about 150 cases per 100,000 people annually. On the other hand, results from two major stroke studies in the country show that the age of stroke onset in Iran is about 10 years younger than the global average. Dr. Ehsan Sharifipour, secretary of the Iranian Stroke Association, mentioned in November this year to ISNA that the average age of stroke in the world is between 75 to 85 years, while this figure in Iran is 65 to 70 years. Stroke or ischemic stroke occurs when the central nervous system is damaged due to a vascular issue, meaning blood supply to a part of the brain is disrupted and halted. Some risk factors for stroke, such as age, are not preventable, but there are multiple other factors that can be controlled to reduce the likelihood of stroke occurring at younger ages or to prevent more severe strokes. A recent study has shown that three factors—"high blood pressure, smoking, and irregular heartbeat"—are associated with a higher risk of severe stroke. One in four people will experience a stroke in their lifetime. This figure has increased by fifty percent over 17 years compared to 1999. According to data published by the World Stroke Organization, 89 percent of deaths and disabilities due to stroke occur in poor and middle-income countries. This data also confirms that stroke is no longer a disease exclusive to the elderly; for instance, 63 percent of stroke cases in 2019 globally occurred among individuals under 70 years old. General recommendations from specialists include recognizing high blood pressure as a significant risk factor for stroke that many people underestimate. Smoking is also linked to the severity of cardiovascular diseases, and not only tobacco smoke is dangerous; marijuana smoke and even air pollution can significantly increase the risks of cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle changes can be effective in reducing the risk of stroke. Adding just five minutes of exercise to the daily routine can help lower blood pressure. Reducing salt intake in the diet and avoiding high-cholesterol foods, along with a consistent consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as physical activity, can lower blood pressure and help maintain a healthy weight. Getting enough sleep and maintaining healthy social connections can also lead to improved overall health by reducing stress.