Use of Stem Cells for Cataract Treatment

Two groups of scientists have achieved innovative solutions to help address visual impairments. According to NBC News, researchers have developed a surgical method that replaces damaged tissues caused by cataracts with stem cells. In another experiment, a group of Japanese researchers found a way to convert ordinary skin cells into various types of eye cells. Both experiments propose methods to replace current cataract or corneal surgeries. Dr. Julie Daniels, an eye disease specialist from University College London, states that these two experiments demonstrate the remarkable therapeutic and regenerative power of stem cells. Cataracts are the clouding of the eye's lens, leading to vision problems. The lens is made of water and protein and is transparent to allow light to pass through. Sometimes, parts of these proteins change, causing parts of the lens to become cloudy. As a result, light does not reach the retina properly, leading to visual disturbances. In the early stages, using strong light and glasses can reduce vision problems caused by cataracts. However, in the later stages of the disease, surgery is necessary to improve vision. Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Studies show that more than half of Americans will develop cataracts by the age of 80. Approximately 20 million people worldwide undergo cataract surgery each year. Some infants are also born with cataracts. According to United Press, in an experiment conducted on infants with cataracts, researchers used a method to remove the damaged lens and preserve the original stem cells. Dr. Ali Jalilian, a spokesperson for the American Academy of Ophthalmology, who did not participate in this research, says it is unclear whether this method can be applied to cataracts common in adults. However, these findings are certainly interesting and exciting. Jalilian also mentions that this study was only conducted for a short period on these children, and the long-term effects on vision are unknown. One risk is that cataracts may return to the lens repaired with stem cells. Infants may have cataracts in one or both eyes. Approximately three out of every 10,000 children have cataracts. Scientists initially tested these new methods on rabbits, then on monkeys, and finally on 12 infants with cataracts. They conducted clinical trials on children with cataracts over the age of two to see if the lens could be repaired in humans through surgical methods. The lenses of all 12 infants became clear. Their vision will be tested as they grow.